Author:
Hiba R. Kazem, Ali Ihssan Hamza, Hadeer Mohammed Subhi, Hazim Y. Algubury and Ahmed S. Abbas
Page: 7-12
Published online: 27 Feb 2026
https://doi.org/10.36478/acejes.2026.7.12
In order to address persistent pollutants from the environment, heterogeneous photocatalysis is an effective and sustainable method for removing such contaminants through a variety of water systems. In this review, we have critically examined the fundamental reaction mechanisms of heterogeneous photocatalysis and provided an overview of the most recent advances in photocatalytic materials, including doped titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten dioxide, bismuth vanadium oxide, and metals‐organic frameworks and their environmental applications. We will discuss the manner in which the application of nanostructured photocatalysts can enhance the number of active surface sites, reduce charge carrier recombination rates, and increase the amount of UV light absorbed in the visible region. Further, we will describe current challenges and future opportunities with respect to the optimisation of photocatalytic material, development of photocatalytic reactor design, and commercial‐scale application of photocatalytic technologies as a comprehensive reference for the anticipated developments in photocatalytic treatment.