Author: Khalid R. Kreem, Ibrahim A. Altamemi
Page: 1-13
Published online: 29 Jan 2026
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease a condition as one of the causes of loss of tolerance to several autoantigens triggering the involvement of the immune system to the destruction of tissues. One of the most disabling symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) refers to lupus nephritis (LN). It does also have a frequency‐of‐occurrence that is dependent on some level of kidney inflammation. The immune complexes accumulated in the mesangial, subepithelial and subendothelia...

Author: Majida Nasser Mohsen, Riyam Mohammed Ali, Asmaa Hussain
Page: 14-16
Published online: 26 Feb 2026
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is a major global public‐health issue and remains highly prevalent in Middle Eastern countries despite abundant sunlight. This cross‐sectional study assessed serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations among adults in Al‐Diwaniyah, Iraq, and examined associations with gender, body mass index (BMI), and sun exposure. A total of 300 adults (150 males, 150 females) were evaluated; serum 25(OH)D was measured by automated CLIA. Data were non‐normally distr...

Author: Rehab A.A. Alhamashi
Page: 17-26
Published online: 01 Mar 2026
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease of severe impacts on health status due to various physiological disturbances that linked to disease activity and correlate positively with the severity of the disease. Investigation the relationship between the hematological and serum immunological markers with the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Totally, 50 adult male patients diagnosed clinically and biochemically with rheumatoid arthritis in addition to 25 healthy adult ...