@article{ACEJRSB202661281,
    title = {Hematological and Immunological Alterations in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis},
    journal = {ACE Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences},
    volume = {6},
    number = {1},
    pages = {17-26},
    year = {2026},
    issn = {2520-3916},
    doi = {10.36478/acejrsb.2026. 17.26},
    url = {https://theacepublications.com/article-detail.php?art=281-ACE-JRSB},
    author = {Rehab A.A.},
    keywords = {Autoimmune diseases, Enzyme‐linked immunosorben assay (ELISA), Interleukins, Iraq, Synovial joints, Tumor necrosis factor},
    abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease of severe impacts on
health status due to various physiological disturbances that linked to disease
activity and correlate positively with the severity of the disease.
Investigation the relationship between the hematological and serum
immunological markers with the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis. Totally, 50 adult male patients diagnosed clinically and
biochemically with rheumatoid arthritis in addition to 25 healthy adult
males (HC) were subjected to collection of venous blood samples that used
for measurement of hematological parameters using the automatic blood
analyzer, as well as for obtaining of sera that tested by specific quantitative
ELISA kits to measurement of immune markers. According to disease
activity, the study patients were divided into low (LDA), moderate (MDA)
and high (HDA) categories. In comparison to HC group, the findings of
hematology were shown a significant elevation in values of WBCs and
neutrophils among all groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients (LDA, MDA,
and HDA) while platelets were increased markedly in MDA and HDA groups.
In contrast, the findings of RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced
significantly among all patients’ groups; whereas, lymphocytes were
decreased markedly in MDA and HDA groups. For immunology, the findings
of IFN‐a, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α and TNF‐β were elevated significantly among
all groups of study patients; however, elevation in values of IFN‐a, IL‐10, and
TNF‐α was more significance in HDA than others; while IL‐8 in MDA, and
TNF‐β in LDA and HDA. This study demonstrates a significant association
between the hematological and immune markers with the severity of
disease suggesting that these markers can serve as valuable, independent
biomarkers. Furthermore, the utility of traditional hematological indices in
monitoring disease activity undergoing disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic
drug therapy has been established, even when acute‐phase reactants may
appear normal. Also, multifaceted nature of disease necessitates a
comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology to develop effective
therapeutic strategies that target both articular and extra‐articular
manifestations.}
    }